Light

Plants used sunlight to perform photosynthesis. Without sunlight, plants can not live and then the other living things will not get life. Thus, it can be said that the sun is the source of energy for living things on earth.
In the dark cave is not found plants and other living creatures. If any animal, the animal is only using the cave as a hiding place. Although in the dark cave there is air, minerals, and water enough, but because there is no light, plants can not live in the cave. So in the cave, the light is a limiting factor.